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Hay Guysss selamat datang di blog saya. Di blog ini saya memasukan artikel tentang Undang-undang dan Transaksi Elektronik, The Five Best Beach in Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta, Articel About Education dan lain-lain,
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Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik

Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik adalah ketentuan yang berlaku untuk setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang ini, baik yang berada di wilayah hukum Indonesia maupun di luar wilayah hukum Indonesia, yang memiliki akibat hukum di wilayah hukum Indonesia dan/atau di luar wilayah hukum Indonesia dan merugikan kepentingan Indonesia.

Pengertian dalam undang-undang :

Informasi Elektronik adalah satu atau sekumpulan data elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto, electronic data interchange (EDI), surat elektronik (electronic mail), telegram, teleks, telecopy atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, Kode Akses, simbol, atau perforasi yang telah diolah yang memiliki arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya.

• Transaksi Elektronik adalah perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan Komputer, jaringan Komputer, dan/atau media elektronik lainnya.
• Teknologi Informasi adalah suatu teknik untuk mengumpulkan, menyiapkan, menyimpan, memproses, mengumumkan, menganalisis, dan/atau menyebarkan informasi.
• Dokumen Elektronik adalah setiap Informasi Elektronik yang dibuat, diteruskan, dikirimkan, diterima, atau disimpan dalam bentuk analog, digital, elektromagnetik, optikal, atau sejenisnya, yang dapat dilihat, ditampilkan, dan/atau didengar melalui Komputer atau Sistem Elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, Kode Akses, simbol atau perforasi yang memiliki makna atau arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya.
• Sistem Elektronik adalah serangkaian perangkat dan prosedur elektronik yang berfungsi mempersiapkan, mengumpulkan, mengolah, menganalisis, menyimpan, menampilkan, mengumumkan, mengirimkan, dan/atau menyebarkan Informasi Elektronik.
• Penyelenggaraan Sistem Elektronik adalah pemanfaatan Sistem Elektronik oleh penyelenggara negara, Orang, Badan Usaha, dan/atau masyarakat.
• Jaringan Sistem Elektronik adalah terhubungnya dua Sistem Elektronik atau lebih, yang bersifat tertutup ataupun terbuka.
• Agen Elektronik adalah perangkat dari suatu Sistem Elektronik yang dibuat untuk melakukan suatu tindakan terhadap suatu Informasi Elektronik tertentu secara otomatis yang diselenggarakan oleh Orang.
• Sertifikat Elektronik adalah sertifikat yang bersifat elektronik yang memuat Tanda Tangan Elektronik dan identitas yang menunjukkan status subjek hukum para pihak dalam Transaksi Elektronik yang dikeluarkan oleh Penyelenggara Sertifikasi Elektronik.
• Penyelenggara Sertifikasi Elektronik adalah badan hukum yang berfungsi sebagai pihak yang layak dipercaya, yang memberikan dan mengaudit Sertifikat Elektronik.
• Lembaga Sertifikasi Keandalan adalah lembaga independen yang dibentuk oleh profesional yang diakui, disahkan, dan diawasi oleh Pemerintah dengan kewenangan mengaudit dan mengeluarkan sertifikat keandalan dalam Transaksi Elektronik.
• Tanda Tangan Elektronik adalah tanda tangan yang terdiri atas Informasi Elektronik yang dilekatkan, terasosiasi atau terkait dengan Informasi Elektronik lainnya yang digunakan sebagai alat verifikasi dan autentikasi.
• Penanda Tangan adalah subjek hukum yang terasosiasikan atau terkait dengan Tanda Tangan Elektronik.
• Komputer adalah alat untuk memproses data elektronik, magnetik, optik, atau sistem yang melaksanakan fungsi logika, aritmatika, dan penyimpanan.
• Akses adalah kegiatan melakukan interaksi dengan Sistem Elektronik yang berdiri sendiri atau dalam jaringan.
• Kode Akses adalah angka, huruf, simbol, karakter lainnya atau kombinasi di antaranya, yang merupakan kunci untuk dapat mengakses Komputer dan/atau Sistem Elektronik lainnya.
• Kontrak Elektronik adalah perjanjian para pihak yang dibuat melalui Sistem Elektronik.
• Pengirim adalah subjek hukum yang mengirimkan Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik.
• Penerima adalah subjek hukum yang menerima Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik dari Pengirim.
• Nama Domain adalah alamat internet penyelenggara negara, Orang, Badan Usaha, dan/atau masyarakat, yang dapat digunakan dalam berkomunikasi melalui internet, yang berupa kode atau susunan karakter yang bersifat unik untuk menunjukkan lokasi tertentu dalam internet.
• Orang adalah orang perseorangan, baik warga negara Indonesia, warga negara asing, maupun badan hukum.
• Badan Usaha adalah perusahaan perseorangan atau perusahaan persekutuan, baik yang berbadan hukum maupun yang tidak berbadan hukum.
• Pemerintah adalah Menteri atau pejabat lainnya yang ditunjuk oleh Presiden.

Secara umum, materi Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UUITE) dibagi menjadi dua bagian besar, yaitu pengaturan mengenai informasi dan transaksi elektronik dan pengaturan mengenai perbuatan yang dilarang. Pengaturan mengenai informasi dan transaksi elektronik mengacu pada beberapa instrumen internasional, seperti UNCITRAL Model Law on eCommerce dan UNCITRAL Model Law on eSignature. Bagian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan para pelaku bisnis di internet dan masyarakat umumnya guna mendapatkan kepastian hukum dalam melakukan transaksi elektronik. Beberapa materi yang diatur, antara lain: 1. pengakuan informasi/dokumen elektronik sebagai alat bukti hukum yang sah (Pasal 5 & Pasal 6 UU ITE); 2. tanda tangan elektronik (Pasal 11 & Pasal 12 UU ITE); 3. penyelenggaraan sertifikasi elektronik (certification authority, Pasal 13 & Pasal 14 UU ITE); dan 4. penyelenggaraan sistem elektronik (Pasal 15 & Pasal 16 UU ITE);

Beberapa materi perbuatan yang dilarang (cybercrimes) yang diatur dalam UU ITE, antara lain: 1. konten ilegal, yang terdiri dari, antara lain: kesusilaan, perjudian, penghinaan/pencemaran nama baik, pengancaman dan pemerasan (Pasal 27, Pasal 28, dan Pasal 29 UU ITE); 2. akses ilegal (Pasal 30); 3. intersepsi ilegal (Pasal 31); 4. gangguan terhadap data (data interference, Pasal 32 UU ITE); 5. gangguan terhadap sistem (system interference, Pasal 33 UU ITE); 6. penyalahgunaan alat dan perangkat (misuse of device, Pasal 34 UU ITE);

Penyusunan materi UUITE tidak terlepas dari dua naskah akademis yang disusun oleh dua institusi pendidikan yakni Unpad dan UI. Tim Unpad ditunjuk oleh Departemen Komunikasi dan Informasi sedangkan Tim UI oleh Departemen Perindustrian dan Perdagangan. Pada penyusunannya, Tim Unpad bekerjasama dengan para pakar di ITB yang kemudian menamai naskah akademisnya dengan RUU Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi (RUU PTI). Sedangkan tim UI menamai naskah akademisnya dengan RUU Informasi Elektronik dan Transaksi Elektronik.

Kedua naskah akademis tersebut pada akhirnya digabung dan disesuaikan kembali oleh tim yang dipimpin Prof. Ahmad M Ramli SH (atas nama pemerintah Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono), sehingga namanya menjadi Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik sebagaimana disahkan oleh DPR.

The Five Best Beaches in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta is a province than will take a long time for you to track it down one by one. In Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta roof you will find at least 11 beautiful beaches that are ready to greet you by its beauty.

As a tourist area, it seems that Yogyakarta know very well how to pamper its visitors. Destinations and complete facilities for tourists are available here. You must go there soon!

Image source : belantaraindonesia.org

Among the five districts in Yogyakarta, Gunung Kidul perhaps becomes one of the most famous places. It is located in the south of Yogyakarta. It also has a very rich in panoramic beaches. Here are 11 beautiful beaches in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta :

1. Sundak Beach

Sidoharjo Sundak Beach Village, Tepus, Gunung Kidul, has a legend. Sundak’s name supposedly came from the fights between dog (asu) and porcupine (landak). So it cause the two animals were shortened to Sundak as the name of the beach.

Regardless of the legend, Sundak has a very beautiful natural scenery. So, it is no wonder if the beach lately becomes superior in Gunung Kidul Regency. The collaboration between the sloping white sand and a clear water of the sea makes this beach attracts us so much.

Walking down the beach is a compulsory activity in here. You will be served by the exotic limestone hills and it is often used as many movies shooting location.

2. Krakal Beach

Krakal Beach has a great wave and off course, the beautiful view. This beach is near from Wonosari, the capital of Gunung Kidul. It is located besides Sundak which famous with the beautiful of the coral.

Krakal Beach classified as a sloping beach. Clean and white sand are the main attraction of this beach. Furthermore, the coral makes the beautiful scenery of Krakal Beach is ​​more complete.

Although it has not big waves as the other shore, Krakal beach is used by beginner surfers. Those who come are usually the novice surfers who are just learning to conquer the waves.

3. Wediombo Beach

For those who like fishing, surely you will prefer this place, because it can satisfy you more. Just come to the Wediombo beach in Jepitu, Girisubo, Gunung Kidul and you will find one of the best spot for fishing.

At this beach, you can fish from the top of the cliff. The fish here is very large and will be a great experience if you get it, but it is not easy to get. You need to know that in order to achieve, you have to walk about an hour from the beach of Wediombo.

In addition to fishing, of course you can also enjoy the beautiful views. The water is very clear, unlike other beaches due to the contaminated greenish. White sand beaches and gently sloping can make your mind is going to be fresh. It is off course becomes definitely a fun holiday that you can get on the beach.

4. Indrayanti Beach

Who can be bored to visit Indrayanti Beach? This beautiful beach in Gunung Kidul is slowly starting to become a major tourist destination object. Indrayanti is a very crowded beach, such as Kuta Beach in Bali. Here, you will find a lot of vendors selling food under the colored tents colored. The tentsare used for the visitors who want to relax on the beach.

In another corner of the beach, there are high cliffs that are also charming. It becomes a favorite spot for seeing a beach scene. The atmosphere of the crowded beach and blue sea look so beautiful from the top of the cliff.

5. Sadeng Beach

Maybe you are not quite familiar with the name of Sadeng. This beach is not much visited by tourists, because it is better known as the fish auction. But, it does not mean Sadeng lacks of charm.

The fishing boats are dominated by a bright blue color. The scenery is more beautiful because of the limestone on the right and the left coast. In addition for being the coastal tourist destinations, of course Sadeng could be also an alternative option if you want to shop for seafood.

Articles About Education (Kumpulan Artikel Bahasa Inggris Tentang Pendidikan)

hi pals! in this season i will share some articles about education. i’ve got this when i search in many website on internet and i got some good information to you. exactly, i search thoose because my assignment of writing subject and i will share this articles on my website, so please read.

Why Findland’s Schools Are So Successfull

For many years the school system in Finland has been very successful. In the PISA survey, which compares reading, math and science knowledge of 15 year olds around the world, Finland is not only the top European country but also competes with Asian giants like Shanghai, Singapore and South Korea. But what makes the educational system in this small country so strikingly different from others in the western world.

First of all, the Finish government makes it possible for all children to attend preschool, which comes after kindergarten. Compulsory education begins at 7. Teachers work with their pupils in school as much as possible. They have little homework to do when they get home.  When teachers are not with the pupils they spend a lot of time in schools working on the curriculum and new projects.  They teach in teams if it helps them reach their goals. That is why dropout rates are low compared to other countries.

In contrast to other nations teaching in Finland is a highly admired profession. Finland selects its teachers very carefully.  Only talented students go on to a university and receive a master’s degree in education. Finland only takes the best to educate its youth.

Schools in Finland are small, at least for international standards. More than in any other country teachers are ready to prepare children for life. In some cases they know every pupil in their school and can adjust to them. Teachers try everything to succeed with their pupils. Most of the pupils get additional help in their elementary school years, either by the teachers themselves or through specially trained educators.

South Korea Switches to Digital Textbooks in the Classroom

South Korea is planning change from paper to digital textbooks in the next few years. All content of South Korea’s school subjects will be available on PC’s, iPads and mobile phones by 2015. The education department has announced that South Korea is preparing for a new digital revolution that will change schools of the future.

The project was started last summer. Classrooms throughout the Asian country will be equipped with wireless LANs so that students can access learning materials whenever and wherever they want. Pupils won’t have to carry heavy schoolbags and satchels any more.

South Korea is a model nation when it comes to using modern technology. The OECD found out that youngsters in South Korea lead the world when it comes to getting information from the internet and working with computers. The country focuses on teaching children the basics of technology at a very early age.

Compared to South Korea, western nations lag behind. American president Barack Obama has announced that United States is installing a national learning centre which is to improve teaching standards and develop new teaching methods.

Shanghai is Number One in World Education Rankings

A   global   educational   study   called PISA (Program for International   Assessment ) tests over 500,000 pupils in over 70 countries every three years. The 2010 results showed that pupils in Shanghai are the world’s best in reading mathematics and  science . PISA studies 15 year olds and their   abilities in the three fields.  The study did not rank China as a whole but Shanghai, Hong Kong and Macao as   separate   countries.

South Korea, Singapore Taiwan and Japan were other Asian nations that   ranked   well. In many western countries the reading   score   was down. In Europe, Finland still stays in the number one spot although   it is   ranking   third overall. Americans are, at best,   average , ranking 17th   in reading, 23rd   in science and 31st   in mathematics.

Why have Asian countries overtaken Europe and America in the tests?  First, they put more   focus   on education.   Children, parents and teachers know that a good education is the   key   to being successful. They are not   tolerant   when pupils   fail . Asians believe that if you do hard and   succeed   in school you will be successful in your job as well.

Starting at a very early age China teaches its children that you can only succeed if you are better than the others. They are tested as soon as they come to school. Only the best can go to college and then get a good job. Examinations are held very often and lists of students rankings   are   posted   on the walls of a school. Shanghai students study much harder than western pupils do and they spend less time on   extracurricular   activities   or sport. Teachers are also   respected , paid well and   highly motivated .

Virtual Worlds are Useful for Children

A research report says that virtual worlds can be important places where children practice what they will do in real life. They are also a powerful and attractive alternative to more passive adventures like watching TV. The research was done with children using the BBC’s Adventure Rock virtual world, aimed at those aged 6-12. It surveyed and interviewed children who were the first to test the game.

The online world is a theme island built for the BBC’s children channel by Belgian game maker Larian. Children explore the world alone but they use message boards to share what they find and what they do in the different creative studios they find around the virtual space.

At times children were explorers and at others they were social climbers eager to connect with other players. Some were power users looking for more information about how the virtual space really worked. The children could try all kinds of things without having to be afraid of the consequences that would follow if they tried them in the real world. They learned many useful social skills and played around with their identity in ways that would be much more difficult in real life. According to the study what children liked about virtual worlds was the chance to create content such as music, cartoons and videos.

The publishers of the report say that virtual worlds can be a powerful, engaging and real interactive alternative to more passive media. They urged creators of virtual spaces for children to get young people involved very early on because they really do have good ideas to add and they are very good critical friends.

Why do Students Drop Out of School?

Some American high schools have a dropout rate of up to 50%. There are many reasons for students leaving school, which are for two thirds of the dropouts motivation is the problem. They can’t just work hard enough, almost half of them said that they had missed so many classes that they could not catch up any more, many said that they were not prepared well enough in their earlier school and for a third of them getting a job was more important than finishing school.

High school dropouts have more problems in society and in their future lives.  They are more likely to be unemployed or live in poverty. There is also a big difference in income if you compare high school dropouts with graduates. According to data by the US Census bureau Americans with a bachelor’s degree earn about  $ 50,000 , those with a high school diploma about  $28,000 and dropouts only about $ 20,000.

Many pupils do not understand the implications of dropping out of school. They often demand better teachers, more lessons to catch up in subjects and more help with learning problems. Some schools have adopted to this situation. They offer evening classes or allow students to come back at a later age.

Benefits of Education from an Online High School

Whether you are an adult who never completed your primary education or the parent of a child in need of special attention and flexibility, getting a diploma from an online high school may be the right choice for you. With this option, you will have a number of benefits. You will be able to take control of your education. You can learn everything you would be taught in a classroom in the comfort of your own home. You can take charge of the decisions that you make and the path that you will take during your education.

An online high school can offer an array of advantages. Mostly, you will have complete control over your education. You will have the ability to study your own assignments at your own pace. You can focus on the assignments that may take you a bit longer to complete, while easily and quickly going through assignments that are easier for you. The flexibility on education on the Internet is unmatched. Most programs allow you attend your virtual class at any time of the day, so you can work around your busy schedule. Many people that take classes on the Internet have busy schedules and often full time jobs. This form of education will allow you to work on your own terms and on your own time.

Traditional education for many people means more than just learning. When getting your diploma on the Internet, you can avoid the distractions that come along with the traditional classroom. You won’t have to deal with the cliques and other distracting students while you work on your own time. You can study when you want and where you want. Plus, many times a teacher in a traditional classroom just cannot spend extra time during class time helping each individual student with his or her own specific problems. When working within the online high school, if you do not understand a particular topic, you can take your time and pace yourself to gain a better understanding of the subject.

Whether you are an adult with a full-time job, and you want to move up in the world, or you think that your child would benefit from the pacing and attention involved in an online high school, this educational choice may be the one for you. There are a variety of options out there, so do some research and find out which one will work best for your circumstances.

Turkey allows schools to teach Kurdish

Turkey’s government is letting some schools teach Kurdish. Only two decades ago speaking Kurdish in public was a crime, but now the government is easing its restriction on the language of the Kurds. The Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan has stated that this is a historic step for Turkey’s largest minority group. The Kurds form about 20% of the country’s population, mainly in the southeastern part of the country. But many have gone to Istanbul and other cities in search of jobs and a better life.

Kurds have been fighting for more rights and a certain amount of autonomy in Turkey. In the last decades thousands of people have been killed in fighting between the Turkish government and the Kurdish rebel group PKK.

For a long time Turkey has banned Kurdish because government officials are afraid that it would separate the country and make the PKK too strong. In the latest statement Erdogan said that if a school has enough students who want to take Kurdish as an elective subject a school is allowed to offer lessons. The Turkish government has found out that it cannot solve the Kurdish problem through violence alone. Kurdish language and culture is spreading increasingly in Turkey, Iraq and Syria.

For Kurdish activists the action does not go far enough. They demand the right to educate students in Kurdish in all subjects. The European Union has repeatedly put pressure on Turkey to pass better laws for Kurdish citizens. It says that if Turkey wants to become a full member of the EU minority rights must be granted.

Type Agate

Type Agate - It seems to lovers of antiques, type of agate is no longer a new thing because since ancient agate is much sought after by lovers of these rocks. If we try to understand the hobby this one, are unique in it. Agate is commonly known to decorate the rings for men, turned out to have the kind of individual who also save properties in it.
Belief, the following types of agate is much in demand by fans because of the beautiful and of course because of the properties in it. Consider the following full review.
Type Agate

Various types of agate that we are seeing now is a rock that comes from micro crystalline quartz with a smoothness and brightness of different colors. During its development, agate in Indonesia save a lot of meaning, such as grace, showing the charm of romance, a sense of peace even bring authority and charisma of the wearer.
Here are 7 types of agate that many in Indonesia:
1. rubies
Ruby is the agate are much sought after because it is believed to treat people who are exposed to toxins and eliminate diseases such mystical voodoo and also to attract sympathy.
2. Stone amethyst
This type of agate amethyst many men preferred because it allows the association to build relationships. Hair amethyst is thought to increase passion for men because expand relationships.
3. Jade
It seems many are often heard the name of this stone, but do not know if this stone belongs to the type of agate. Jade is known comes from mainland China and is usually colored green. Jade is believed to make the heart grow calm, serene and is also widely used as a remedy for kidney patients and rheumatism.
4. Stone Amber
Agate amber much sought after by people although the price could be considered expensive. This is because the properties of amber able to radiate charisma that has a strong appeal.
5. Stone diamond
Beautiful rock not only provide beauty but also can increase the confidence of the wearer. Agate diamond provides peace of mind and adds zest for life. The stone that is usually white and sparkling jerni radiate tranquility.
6. Onix Black
Agate has become one of the many types of agate are used by businesses because the efficacy of black onyx stone is considered to provide protection business in the ring.
7. Emerald
The emerald is often used by people to bring inner coolness when he was in trouble and then soothing and bring serenity in life.
Type Agate
To seven types of agate above are considered able to provide easiness in life but to keep in mind is no greatest strength of the creator. Should be to address each of the things that we do it wisely. Because after all, common sense should keep running to keep it running in the proper way.